In a major move towards multilingual and inclusive education, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has directed all affiliated schools to begin identifying the mother tongues of students from pre-primary up to Class 5. This initiative is in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE) 2023, both of which emphasise the importance of using a child’s home language in early learning.
Through a circular dated May 22, CBSE has encouraged schools to use the child’s mother tongue—or a familiar local language (referred to as R1)—as the medium of instruction from pre-primary to Class 2. From Class 3 to 5, instruction may either continue in R1 or gradually introduce a second language (R2).
While the use of regional languages was earlier suggested, this new circular marks a stronger and more structured push, hinting that it may become mandatory in the near future. Schools have been advised to begin aligning their teaching content and practices with this transition by the end of the summer break, though a flexible implementation timeline has been provided.
The decision is rooted in educational research, which shows that children learn better when taught in a language they are familiar with. By promoting concept-based and multilingual education, CBSE aims to create a more effective and emotionally connected learning environment for young students.
To manage this transition, schools must set up NCF implementation committees by the end of May. These teams will be responsible for mapping languages, adapting classroom content, and coordinating teacher training. Beginning in July, schools are required to submit monthly updates, and academic observers may conduct visits to provide feedback and support.
To aid the process, NCERT has already released textbooks for Classes 1 and 2 in 22 Indian languages, with translations for higher grades currently in progress. The overarching goal is to bridge the gap between home and school by using language as a tool for connection and understanding.
