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Vocational touch in DU BA’s course widens job prospects

For those who want to pursue a course that is vocational in nature with a lot of applied component and also those who havn't fared too well in the Class XII boards, Delhi University's (DU) BA Programme might just be the right choice. The popular BA (Pass) course was restructured to BA Programme one of the sought after courses offered in over 42 colleges in DU, of which 39 offer it with vocational subjects thereby enhancing students' job prospects. A student with a best of four aggregate of 40% in Class XII from any stream is eligible to apply. Admission would depend on the cut-off list of individual colleges. In School of Open Learning anyone with 40% marks can register for the programme. The courses include language papers in English, Hindi and Sanskrit of which two are compulsory. Other subjects include business data processing, economics, food technology, geography, history, education, family and child welfare, nutrition and health education, office management and secretarial practice, psychology, music, political science and sociology.

The foundation course, which is taught in second year, includes language, literature and culture, contemporary India: economy, politics and society, human rights, gender and environment. The third year offers applied courses including mathematics for social science, banking and insurance, mass communication, nutrition and health, family and child development, Indian art, theatre and performance, voluntary organization and creative writing. 'There are four papers in each year. In first year, one has to take two language papers (English and Hindi). Those who take admission based on Sanskrit can opt for Sanskrit. There are two papers from the other subjects offered like economics, political science, history, philosophy, sociology, mathematics etc depending upon the college. In second year, students would choose either of the language course opted in first year and one foundation course. The list of foundation courses varies for different colleges. The rest of the two papers are from the two subjects the student took up in first year,' said Shri Prakash Singh, faculty, Sri Aurobindo College.

Computers to assist visually impaired at DU

Keeping in view with the needs of visually impaired aspirants, Delhi University (DU) has installed talking computer during admissions in 2009. Last year, DU introduced Braille form to help them.

Thirty three visually impaired students have already registered themselves for admission to DU this year. Now, with an added facility, DU aims to make the entire procedure more convenient for the visually impaired. They will be guided by counselor in filling up the forms.

According to Seema M. Parihar, deputy dean, students’ welfare, the talking computers were introduced in the admission process this year after it was realised during last year’s admissions that many visually-impaired candidates could not read Braille. Delhi University reserves 3% seats in every college for differently-abled.

Asia News: June2009

Online hope for high school dropouts  in Philippines

In an alternative learning setup that seeks to maximise new information and communication technologies (ICTs), students no longer need to bring lots of pens and papers when taking quizzes. In fact, they do not even have to go to class five times a week to finish high school. Participants of eSkwela just sit in front of a computer for about three hours a week and learn according to their need and speed.

The programme which integrates ICTs into the Alternative Learning System of the Department of Education, aims to provide ICT-enhanced educational opportunities for Filipino out-of-school youth and adults.

Malaysia to attract 80,000 foreign students

Malaysia's Higher Education Ministry is confident of meeting the target of enrolling 80,000 foreign students next year, said its deputy minister, Dr Hou Kok Chung. He said at present, about 70,000 foreign students were pursuing higher education in the country.

The target can be met as Malaysia offers a more affordable and quality education for students from China, Taiwan, Thailand and Singapore in the current economic scenario, he said after a meeting with local private institutions of higher learning.

Center opened in Taipei to promote exchanges with EU

The first European Union Center (EU Center) has been set up in Taiwan as part of a collaborative effort by the country's top academic institutions to promote exchanges and mutual understanding between Taiwan and the European economic bloc.

The aim of the programme in Taiwan is to help create a foothold for EU studies in Taiwan's higher education circles and serve as an information resource for a broad Taiwan audience. The EU Center network in the Asia Pacific region spans South Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan is the third East Asian country to join the network.

EU to help modernise Madrasa education
 
The European Commission has pledged support to Bangladesh to modernise madrasa education system many see as a breeding ground for Islamic militancy so that the madrasa students get jobs after studies.

'We spoke as well about education, we spoke about madrasa education, we spoke about the necessity to streamline Madrasa education and make sure that it respects the national curriculum that produces results in the field of writing, reading, and understanding, European Commission envoy Stefan Frowein said after a meeting with state minister for Foreign Affairs Hasan Mahmud.

31 high school students chosen for science camp in
Philippines

Senior students from 31 science high schools, mostly from Metro Manila, are undergoing an intensive nine-day training camp in science, mathematics and engineering (SME), which the Department of Science and Technology (DoST) launched Monday at the University of the Philippines (UP)

Mark your calendar:June 2009

23rd ICDE World Conference on Open
Learning and Distance Education including
the 2009 EADTU Annual Conference

7 to 10 June 2009
Maastricht, Netherlands
http://www.ou.nl/icde2009

Learn 2009  
8 to 11 June 2009
St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
http://elearn2009.com  

IADIS International Conference e-Learning 2009 
17 to 20 June 2009
Algarve, Portugal

http://www.elearning-conf.org/

e-Learning Baltics 2009 (eLBa 2009)
18 to19 June 2009
Rostock, Germany

http://www.e-learning-baltics.de

EDULEARN09 International Conference on
Education and New Learning Technologies

6 to 8 July 2009
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

http://www.iated.org/edulearn09

eduWeb Conference 
20 to 22 July 2009
Chicago, IL, United States
http://www.eduwebconference.com

Society for Values in Higher Education 
22 to 26 July 2009
Chicago, Illinois, United States

http://www.svhe.org

VIII Iberolatinamerican Conference in Informatics
and Special Education 
 
6 to 8 August 2009
San Jos

Mark your calendar

eduWeb Conference 
20 to 22 July 2009
Chicago, IL, United States
http://www.eduwebconference.com

Society for Values in Higher
Education
 

22 to 26 July 2009
Chicago, Illinois, United States
http://www.svhe.org

VIII Iberolatinamerican Conference in Informatics and
Special Education
 
 
6 to 8 August 2009
San Jos

Academy for Computer Training (Guj) Pvt. Ltd.

Company Name
Academy for Computer Training (Guj) Pvt. Ltd.

Jasvinder Singh
Chief Executive Officer:
Jasvinder Singh

Head of Operations/COO:
J. Figueiredo

Head of Finance/CFO:
Tejal Gandhi

Head of Sales:
Jasvinder singh

Head of Technology/IT:
J. Figueiredo

Head Office
204, Silicon Towers, Near Law Garden,
Navrangpura, Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
Fax: +91-79-25464495
Web: www.wordsworthelt.com
www.actuniv.com

Products and Services
Educational content
Technical collaborations: Microsoft, Tally, Pearsons, Univ Of Cambridge

Major Regional Offices
Taura Business Centre, No. 51, St Johns Road, State: Karnataka
Tel: +91 9343837270

A/24, Ketan Apartments 25,
Katrak Road, Dadar (East),
Maharastra- 400031
Tel: +91 9820048686

CONTACT PERSON FOR CLARIFICATIONS
Jasvinder Singh   Designation:  CEO   Tel: +91-79-25464495, 25468192, 25464080
Fax: +91-79-25462400

ACTUniv groupThe ACTUniv group has emerged as a knowledge resource enterprise over the last two decades since its inception. The company is engaged in imparting Education and Training services in Information technology, English Language and content development. Its expertise rests in its people and technology; developing products and services for IT, Technology Specialisation, Course Content, Multimedia, Animation, Digital content and Language Learning Systems.

The company has been known for its non-conventional approach to skill development and is instrumental in designing and developing training curricula, training aids and content in the print and digital media for several organization including the government, corporate organization, the academia and public.

The Company is committed to be a catalyst in the process of development of individuals. Understanding the core needs of the industry as well as the learner’s environment is significant in providing appropriate training programs and suitable methodologies.

The beneficiaries include K-12, Undergraduates, Graduates, Career planners, Professionals, Executives and Specialists besides corporate and government organisations. Words Worth English Language Lab is based on an extensively research of India, incorporating the latest blended learning methodology, Digital content for the trainer as well as for the learner, providing ample interactive practice using technology based audiovisual tools.

Words Worth English Language Labs have been widely accepted by the Academia across the country, Universities, Institutions of higher learning as well as private organisations with training centres. ACTUniv has been honoured to partner State Government initiatives to impart training to the masses. These include programs for the Government of Gujarat, Rajasthan Knowledge Corporation, CEDMAP and KELTRON.

product Details

Digital Content development
Design and development of training curricula, syllabus, implements, tools, content, Courseware, Digital software content using audiovisual elements. The content covers K-12 subjects, English Language training and Technology programmes. Words Worth, the English Language Lab is designed for improve the proficiency in English language and is available for Schools, Colleges and adult learning. Papyrus is another product specially designed offering multilingual facility.

Words Worth English Language Training

Words Worth is a truly Digital English language Lab, designed for the Indian learner. It uses the blended learning approach with digital content for both, the teacher and the learner. The Junior product is specially designed to complement school curricula while the Senior is designed for colleges and higher institutions. Packed with interactive audiovisual elements, the progressive learning levels cover periodic assessment and self paced learning. The programmes are based on the ALTE/CEFR framework leading to International language Certification administered by International Certification bodies such as Pearson and University of Cambridge.

Achievements 

  1. Trained the largest number of students of SCOPE (Govt of Guj)

  2. Training partner to implelent English Language Training to RKCL

  3. Tie-up with University of Cambridge to provide certification examinantion

  4. Tie-up with PEARSON to provide certification examinantion

  5. Training partner with CEDMAP to implelent English Language Training in MP

  6. Training partner with KELTRON to implelent English Language Training

Mitraniketan

Mitraniketan is a Gandhian based non profit organisation founded by K. Viswanathan in 1956 after his studies from Santiniketan and exposure to Folk high schools of Denmark. He visualised encouraging community based education with holistic development of people and society. Progress of society through the total development of individuals is the avowed mission of Mitraniketan. In today's world of transition, we must examine how we approach the concept of development and reorient our approach and methods in such a way as to put humaneness back into the equation. Our primary task in this re-orientation is the enablement of people; development will come about only when individuals as part of the family and community are of their own power in determining the circumstances of their own lives.

Mitraniketan houses a variety of development and rural higher education activities in its 65 acre campus located 25 km north east of Thiruvananthapuram city. It also houses a community of 500 members including children, youth, farmers, women, social workers, and visiting students and volunteers from India and abroad. The projects include a residential school for tribal children,  people's college for rural youth, research centre for action research studies and teacher education, Rural Technology Centre for technology transfer and skill development, Farm Science Centre (KVK) for technology dissemination, and extension programmes for women empowerment, to mention some important ones.

The Mitraniketan People's College was established in 1996 with the technical collaboration of Association of the Folk High Schools in Denmark (FFD) and with the financial support of Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA). People's College is one of the innovative development education projects of Mitraniketan based on the ideas of Danish Folk High Schools and Indian Gurukula system of education along with necessary inputs considering the local needs. It follows the concept of education for life rather than education for degrees and diplomas. The difference between People's College and a Community College is that People's College follows residential form of education to promote informal learning and community living along with life and livelihood skill development.

The college aims to empower rural youth through well integrated liberal education which keeps a focus on need based curriculum. The content of the courses put an emphasis on the development of life and livelihood skills. This has a direct impact on leadership, communication, and income generating skills while also strengthening a solid knowledge base.

Facilitators of the college are trained in participatory teaching learning method, which helps to involve the heterogeneous group of participants in the training sessions. The students are given the opportunity to unfold their potential in a non formal environment, supporting their respective field of interest.

As far as the target group of Mitraniketan People's College is concerned it mainly concentrates on empowering the rural youth and women belonging to the disadvantaged sections of the society. Having one of the highest literacy rates in India, Kerala also has the highest percentage of educated but unemployed people in the country. While the urban and elite youth in the state have the opportunity and capacity to afford formal higher education, a large number of youth in remote parts and villages don't have access to appropriate education. Due to poverty, illiteracy of parents, and lack of information, many of these students become school and university dropouts. These rural youth living below the poverty line are one of the main target groups for People's College.

Similarly, rural women and housewives are another important group that People's College is trying to educate. Often these women have productive skills that have never been realised or utilised. Normally housewives in the village spend majority of their time cooking and rearing children and are not given the opportunity for education or skill training. People's College works to change some of these traditional routines, so that women can make choices for themselves. Potential can be developed through creating awareness, developing their functional capability, and organising them in Self Help Groups. Over the last five years, Mitraniketan People's College has trained approximately 500 housewives and organised them into 50 Self Help Groups in neighbouring villages. The organisation of women's groups has exposed them to the outside world, given them confidence, given them support and a voice. Now, these women are working to improve their skills and supplement the family income. Additionally, Peoples College welcomes the participation of small NGOs that are engaged in development and education activities. When working together, all participants develop a better understanding of techniques and training which strengthens and benefits the entire programme.

Technical/vocational training is an essential part of the People's College education programme as it helps students from the target group find employment within their villages. Since most students come from economically poor background, developing livelihood skills is one of their important aims for survival. People's College provides various vocational skill courses for the students to choose from, based on their preference and viability of employment in their respective villages. The following courses available at People's College, are identified based on the potential for generating income or self employment:

  • Automobile Electrical Computer
  • Agriculture Fruit Processing Tailoring
  • Carpentry Plumbing Metal     Fabrication

These skills are readily employable in rural areas, and village communities need such service based jobs to reduce their dependency on urban technicians. People's College training concentrates more on practices; that is 'learning by doing' which helps youth to work with master craftsmen in the villages immediately after the training. Upon completion of the technical courses, students receive certification from the National Institute of Open Schooling. The students learning carpentry, plumbing, and tailoring pay less tuition fees as they also contribute to production and service on the Mitraniketan campus. The value of their service is considered in-return for the cost of training. This in fact becomes, 'earning while learning.'

Some of the trained youth remain for an additional year on Apprenticeship to gain more work experience and bring the self sustaining support Mitraniketan needs to operate. They are provided free boarding and lodging, and a stipend. This option has proved to be a practical living and working experience that reward both partners while continuing to offer a safe and stable environment for rural youth Mitraniketan operates on the concept of non-formal education, focusing on community based life and livelihood skills. The idea behind this form of education is that learning only becomes a significant part of our lives if we are actively involved and share responsibility for it. In order to realise this principle, the educational methods emphasise student participation, manual labour and democracy. There are no exams. Teaching is done in co-operation and on an equal footing between teachers and students.

The focus at Mitraniketan People's College is on the development of rural youth above the age of 18, irrespective of their educational background. The double objective is to combine general and vocational education that will enable students to improve their own lives, at the same time motivating them to work actively for development in their local community. The common goal at Mitraniketan, is to develop humanistic leaders, citizens, who as activists ensure the vitality and democratic nature of the village.  This kind of leadership is the basic building block of Indian democracy as envisaged in the Constitution.
Innovative knowledge is necessary in today's changing world. Mitraniketan offers volunteer work opportunities to interested students, social workers and persons committed to development. Volunteer work in the fields of education, agriculture, women empowerment, health, development, appropriate technology and research are needed. Foreign connections help bridge the gap between countries and convey a global awareness that everyone benefits from. The uniqueness of a foreign, exchanged knowledge base brings about abundant opportunities for both volunteer educators and local citizens.  Each year, a number of volunteers from India and abroad, work together to bring additional teaching, workshops, research, sports training, health care and directing of arts and theatre.
Staff and students at Mitraniketan embrace the opportunity to share cultures.  As Mitraniketan is a residential campus, volunteers work, live, and enjoy recreation within the community, offering complete immersion to Indian culture and experience.  Volunteers can engage in various activities throughout the week on campus and visit nearby attractions over the weekends as well.  Giving the gift of time and information comes with rewards that can change a persons life and open doors to a new understanding of oneself and responsibility to society.
The founder K. Viswanathan believes that, 'we have a social responsibility to take care of the poor'. He demonstrates it by working for equal opportunity and improving the quality of lives starting within the Mitraniketan community and joining hands across the globe. 

IGNOU Community Colleges

The community college system as an alternative and supplementary form of education assumes significance in the context of efforts to make education, particularly the entrants into higher education and vocational education in our country, gainfully employable. Indira Gandhi National Open University has taken a big stride in this direction, with the launch of its Associate Degree Programme while framing the IGNOU Community Colleges.

Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India once said, “Education should inculcate a life-long habit of learning. And today, this is all the more necessary, because the corpus of knowledge is increasing at a tremendous pace.” Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), the institute established with the vision of the leader, just follows through the golden rule.

Recent Government of India efforts to enhance the Gross Enrollment Ratio in tertiary education has resulted in a number of instituitions, a thrust on vocationalisation, and increased use of technology. In order to have a diversified and multi-channel higher education framework, the experience of other countries shows that there is a need for an innovative educational alternative rooted in the community. A well tested success internationally has been the incorporation of Community Colleges as an integral part of the higher education system. The purpose of Community Colleges is to provide skill based, livelihood enhancing education and eligibility for employment to the disadvantaged and under-privileged like the urban poor, rural poor, and women. Providing appropriate skills development in collaboration with local industries thus leading to gainful employment is the major target of Community Colleges.

Another major contributon of Community Colleges has been to expand access to post secondary studies for millions of students who would otherwise not have an opportunity to participate. Even in countries like the US and Canada, where it started as peripheral to the mainstream higher education system, people’s perception have changed and the social importance of an Associate Degree through a formal mechanism has considerably increased. Approximately, 44% of all undergraduates in the US study in Community Colleges.

Looking into the size and complexity of needs among the Community Colleges, educational policies are being framed to set up  a regulatory agency providing governance guidelines, rules, regulations, etc. Recognition of the courses from the universities, by granting appropriate credit transfer/equivalency in the credits is in the pipeline.
prof. V N Rajasekharan Pillai, Vice-Chancellor,  IGNOU

“The government plans to open more ‘Community Colleges’ across the country with focus on skill development during the Eleventh Plan Period, with an aim to generate skilled manpower for the labour market. Such colleges, providing an open-access admission policy, would also fulfill the mandate of the National Skill Mission and bring hopes to drop-outs, besides realising dreams of those who wish to complete higher studies. They would have provisions for vertical mobility and service as a community-based institution of higher education.

IGNOU would act as a facilitating agency for such colleges. The varsity proposes to offer ‘Associate Degree’ programmes to these colleges with focus on skill development. On completion of the course, one can seek a lateral entry to the third year undergraduate programme in a regular college. One can even explore different subject areas before committing to a programme. The beneficiaries, would be school drop-outs, late entrants into higher education, and working people who find entry into the formal system rigid. The students would be allowed to pursue continuing education through all meaningful formats

to reach out to formal education by framing the Associate Degree programme. IGNOU          Community Colleges: The 11th Plan Prescription As we need a focused agenda  to address all  concerns in skill  education, the government initiated  the process of reform by announcing    the need and probable procedure for establishing the Community Colleges in the 11th Five  Year Plan. The Plan document reads like- ‘Existing 190 community colleges (largely in     southern states of India, some of which offer diploma courses) will be supported for capacity  building,  training cost (equipment, faculty development, stipend, etc, but not for civil works,  nd other capital costs).  Setting up additional 210 community and eastern parts of the   country will be supported on placement based funding. Funding will be based on a MoU  between Community Colleges, states and Ministry of Human Resources Development.’  The  Plan document again identifies  and emphasises the role of IGNOU taking a lead in this    alternative mode of education for the unreached community. The 11th Five Year The  Community College is seen now as an innovative educational  alternative rooted in the community providing skill based, livelihoodenhancing  education and eligibility for  employment to the disadvantaged and under-privileged like the  urban poor, rural poor,   tribal poor, and women. Appropriate skills development leading to gainful  employment in  collaboration with the  local industries and the community  is the major target of the    Community  Colleges. The success achieved by the system encourages the strengthening  and   consolidation of the existing colleges along with the step-wise  expansion of the sytem to  all the  states in the country. Lack of recognition has been a major problem by those who  passed out from the Community Colleges. All over the world, particularly, in the US , this problem was there in the initial development stages of the Community Collges. This was solved Why Community Colleges in India Largest youth population  Only 5% of Indian labour force in the age group of 20-24 have  obtained vocational skills through formal means.  (Industrialised countries 60-96%) Only 2.5 million  vocational training seats are available, where as 12.8 million enter the labour market every  year. Largest share of new jobs likely to come from the unorganised sector which employs upto 93% of the national workforce. •
• • Sam Pitroda   Chairman, national knowledge commission  How do you see the Community  Colleges- a peoples’ movement or a parallel system? It is neither a people’s movement nor a  parallel system of education. It is just a way of restructuring our education system, so that we  provide all opportunities to large number of people with the ability to migrate. I see  ommunity Colleges as instruments of mobility. What is India’s expectation from the  ommunity College movement? From the Indian perspective,  what should be the ingredients of such measures? This is a system, which is all flexible. People who want to get in the  ngineering colleges,  people who wish to do well in education, this comes as an opportunity for them. If you study in Community College, you can go back and even do a Ph D programme,  hich eventually allows you not to stop in the journey of education. So this encourages a lateral  obility in education. Basically, in our system of education, there are too many  affiliated policies. We have evolved a system over a period of time, where we have a number of affiliated colleges. But this is just not workable. In this proces , we have lost the quality of a good university. Rather, from this, we can create separate samll community colleges, and  samll universities. We can create structures that are manageable. In the past, everyone wanted to be affiliated to a best university, w ether they are capable or not. Politically too, they were allowed. But by that process, good univeristies end up having too  any affiliated   lleges. So with the Community College system, we are just trying to make separate affiliated  olleges and institutions of focus, stability, and of quality with research orientation. National Knowledge Commission (NKC ) has recommended that entrepreneurial/self-employ ent skills  be promoted among students, on and off campus. How do you see IGNOU ’s step towards  aunching Associate Degree programme for Community Colleges? The entire prospect has been laid out clearly in the NKC recommendations. But then now some ody has to really pay attention to the implementation. Implementation is being done at ministry level and state  evel as well. With such steps like IGNOU Community Colleges, I hope, it gets proper attention  ow. But the need is to engage the Indian education  community, the readers of Digital  earning  agazine to study the NKC recommendations, go to the depth, debate, research,  and  articulate them. I expect, the essence of Community College is well treated with the new  rogramme of IGNOU . “Instruments of Mobility”

Dr. Kalyani Anbuchelvan, Vice-Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Open University
The Tamil Nadu Open University (TNOU ) is honoured to associate itself with the world’slargest Open University, the Indira Gandhi National Open University, on the CommunityCollege initiative. The Associate Degree programme through the community colleges is thebrain-child of Prof Pillai, who always has nurtured robust academic schemes for the poor andunder developed communities. Generations to come will remember IGNOU with gratitude forthis initiative, which will go a long way in strengthening, among others, the Indian literacy
level. My hearty wishes to Dr Latha Pillai, the Pro Vice-Chancellor, IGNOU , the committed
executor of this programme! Tamil Nadu remains the pioneer in the Community College initiative. The initiative was well received by the bureaucracy to the extent that the IAS officers in those initial days have suggested to confer the status of Skill Development Centres to Community Colleges. The Government of India has also sanctioned INR 10 lakh during the Tenth Plan period for the development of Community Colleges in Tamil Nadu. Unfortunately, the project could not take off due to various socio-political reasons. Today, the young Members of Parliament show great interest in Rural Skill Development. I am happy to share that the present Government at the State not only encouraged  the Community College system, but also has in its last budget allocated INR 1 crore as student scholarship for those who study at the TNOU through the Community Colleges. As on date, the Tamil Nadu Open University has 124 Community Colleges, which have enrolled a little more than 40,000 students. Of this, about 70 percent of the students are employed in the relevant industries. The Tamil Nadu Open University itself has employed more than 55 students. I am confident that with the guidance of the IGNOU , the TNOU will be in a better position to translate this project into a
successful reality.  the basic electives in the respective subject of study worth of 32 credits to be completed in the first two years of Associate Degree programme of the Community College. A number of existing courses of IGNOU may be appropriately combined for an Associate Degree. Firming up with voices from the community: IGNOU Community Colleges Interface meetings Taking a stride from the concepts to action, the move for setting up community colleges in all parts of the country started gaining momentum when over 250 institutions met at IGNOU on 24 April 2009, for a daylong interface meeting to decide further action-plan. Eminent social workers from NGO s, Vice Chancellors of state level open universities, UGC member Fr. Xavier Alphonse, representatives of leading organisations in the movement like Young Men’s Christian Association, etc. attended the conference. Vice Chancellor, Professor VN Rajasekhar Pillai, who presided  over the conference, said that the
movement has its seed in the 11th Plan outlay of the nation, in which the Planning Commission had identified

Inter-mission Industrial Development Association

Industrial Development

If the statistics given by the National Information Centre are any indications to go by, then what becomes obvious is the huge percentage of dropouts at the high school and higher secondary school stages. This calls for an alternative system of education like the community colleges.

B. Bhavani is a case in point. She dropped out of tenth standard owing to severe conditions at home and financial constraint. Her father, an alcoholic, died in an accident. Being the only breadwinner in the family, her mother could earn a pittance of INR 1000, which was way below the subsistence level.

It was difficult to make ends meet. With all hopes crushed and her confidence at its lowest ebb, Bhavani was told about a community college that would be able to train and equip her with the skills to enter the job market. She entered IID Community College, (formerly Tabitha Community College) and joined the Diploma in Health Assistant (DHA) course.

Heavily bogged down by a deep sense of inferiority and inadequacy, she thought she couldn’t make it. But the life coping skills and other skills training modules taught along with the high quality training in nursing eventually prepared her to face up to the future. Bhavani is a confident nurse now and a totally transformed one at that. Multiply this into thousands, that’s the scenario of hope, which community colleges can offer.

Jochen Tewes, a mechanical engineer from Germany came to India in 1973 with a mission to work for the economically under privileged in India. Tewes observed that the children in the hundreds of orphanages supported by Inter-mission and other India partners were bereft of skills that are required in the job market. A strategy was in order. With like-minded friends he started Inter-Mission Industrial Development Association (IIDA) in 1974 with the focused vision to give relief and rehabilitation to the people below the poverty line.

 

Today IID runs 3 Industrial Training Schools, 7 Community Colleges and few daycare and health care projects for the benefit of its target groups. Unemployment is the root cause of many problems prevalent in India. It developed also because of an imbalance between education and employment. Through the community college system the aim was to provide work and life coping education, enabling the disadvantaged to find employment. The Inter-Mission Micro Enterprise Development (IMED) Programme was started in 1996 to help women with micro-loans to start their businesses and programmes that help them save money. IMED has been a successful venture by IIDA and has benefited more than 80,000 women.

‘As the IMED work expanded, the women who were being helped brought to the light the problems that their children were facing. The survey study revealed that most of these women had girl children, who had stopped going to school for various reasons,’ says M. R. Christopher, Chief Operating Officer, IID Association.

In 2002, the first ‘Tabitha Community College’ was started for girls in Chennai city. Other Community Colleges followed in other parts of Chennai both for boys and girls. Through the tsunami disaster in December 2004 the need in the coastal towns of Karaikal and Mahabalipuram challenged IID to start 2 Community Colleges in the year 2005.

The young women and men learn a variety of subjects such as: Computer Applications, Typewriting, Shorthand, Accountancy, Fashion Design, Health Assistants, Medical Lab Technicians, Electricians, and a variety of other job oriented courses. Not only work skills are taught here, but also subjects such as Life coping Skills, Communication and Interpersonal Skills. Before they complete their one-year training, the students are sent to companies and industries for a one-month internship period.

The IID community colleges have so far trained close to 3000 students with around 80% job placement. The remaining have opted for higher education or other walks of life.

Surya, a student who passed out from IID is now well placed in a company, MLS. ‘My current role is of a manager for the Corporate Business Services. I also provide consultation for the existing Business Centres in India on how to manage their Infrastructure. I head the Business Centres Projects in India.’ After completing her 10th Standard, Surya couldn’t continue her studies due to personal problems. She adds: ‘I had completed only 10th Standard and I could not pursue a degree in any of the regular colleges, which was one of the reasons for joining IID Community College. This god-given opportunity changed my life completely.’

Students in the Community College are mostly poor and supported by local sponsors. Christine Kirubala is the Dean of Students of the IID community colleges. ‘The students who come here are very poor and most of them are dropouts from Government schools. Several of them have problems coping with anger, depression, self-esteem. The Life coping Skills module is truly transformative as it helps them to come to terms with who they are,’ says Kirubala.

The close and active linkage between industry and community college is an important factor in the success of community colleges. On completion of the courses, the students are sent to organisations for Internship, where most of them are absorbed after their exams, for employment.

Research study of the students for the period of five years admitted from 2002- 2007, revealed the secular nature of the IID, which has brought about the empowerment of socially, economically and educationally disadvantaged and marginalised women:

  • Female   79 %
  • Married    6%
  • Age 19-35  99%
  • Educationally Un reached
    <10th to 12th   92%
  • Socially Weaker Section
    SC, ST, MBC, &BC  98%
  • Economically Weaker Section
    Rs <3000  96%
  • Job Placement  73%
  • Higher Education   11%
  • Religion

American Community Colleges in the Downturn

Can Education Save the Economy?

The recent global economic downturn is causing U.S. workers and employers to look to the educational system for skills that will allow them to thrive when the economy recovers. The Community College Research Center's (CCRC) mission is to conduct research on major issues affecting community colleges in the United States and to contribute to the development of practice and policy that expands access to higher education and promotes success for all students.  

A boom in demand for education typically occurs in downturns, and this one is no exception, although the magnitude of the downturn is greater than has been experienced in many years.  Workers are being dislocated from industries that often won't return, and need to retrain.

However, education alone cannot save the economy. Much larger forces are at work, such as international equity and debt markets, the banking crisis, and the deflation of consumer confidence. The Obama administration, in concert with other governments, is taking a many-faceted approach to attacking the economic crisis, including an economic stimulus unprecedented in its scale, reduction of interest rates, and bailouts of large institutions. It is also taking a longer-term approach, attempting to decrease national energy and health-care costs, and placing a new emphasis on education.

U.S. policymakers are focusing on education because a modern economy cannot function without an educated workforce. Increased attention is being given to the over 1,000 community colleges in the United States that enroll almost 12 million credit and non-credit students, and 44% of all undergraduates. Community colleges typically offer programmes of up to two years, including many types of vocational and technical programmes. Unlike many four-year institutions, these colleges are typically open-access and much lower-cost. Thus, community colleges have been for some time now trying to cope with the large influx of dislocated workers.
 
Community Colleges, Economic Development, and Job Training

The current economic crisis highlights an increased need for community colleges to perform careful ongoing market analysis to determine local demand for labour, particularly skilled labour. They need to align their efforts with economic development efforts. It is difficult to predict demand, which means that community colleges need to operate with a continual “ear to the ground” to detect changes in labour market demand.

There continues to be high demand for mid-level skill jobs. If the labour market is divided, roughly, into three parts; low-skill, middle-skill, and high-skill; which correspond, again roughly, to educational levels of high school or less, some college or vocational training, and four-year college, the mid-skill segment continues to be the largest of the three, at about half (Holzer and Lerman, 2009). Community colleges play the major role in training workers for these jobs.

The challenges for community colleges are greatest in areas with dramatic changes in the industrial composition, such as in the so-called “rust belt” of the industrial Midwest, where old jobs are gone and are probably not coming back after the downturn. The challenges are also particularly difficult in high-unemployment states, like California. In these parts of the country, community colleges need to have an even greater link with economic development efforts.

These economic development and concomitant training efforts need to be focused on those areas of the economy in which there is likely to be growth in the future, for example, in health, in education, in construction, and in “green jobs,” which are jobs linked to safeguarding the environment.. Health care, in particular, is expected to grow rapidly because of the aging of the “baby-boom” generation. These are the areas that have been targeted by the federal stimulus package, so there is a synergy here between the strengths of community college programmes and the goals of the package. Federal job training monies can also be accessed by workers attending community colleges, with a special focus on workers adversely affected by international trade. Community colleges also play a role in training workers in information technology; demand for such workers will likely be robust when the recovery hits.

Community colleges will continue to play a prominent role in training first-responders and protective-service workers. While some politicians spend much time bemoaning the growth of government, the public has been continually increasing its demand for government services. Community colleges play a major role in training police, firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics in many jurisdictions. Many health care workers work for government agencies, and community colleges train many of them as well. Thus, this will be a source of opportunities for dislocated workers, especially as the recovery gets underway.

“Green” Jobs

The new emphasis on the green economy and green jobs could have a “win-win” effect of both improving the economy by making it more efficient, and providing much needed high-wage employment. Green jobs will be found in a range of areas: in building the infrastructure for expanded mass transit, in developing batteries for the next generation of hybrid and electric cars, in developing wind turbines for windmills, and in developing solar panels for heat and hot water. Waste management and recycling, source reduction, resource management, food processing, and organic farming are also potential sources of such jobs. The green economy will require workers at both intermediate and high levels of skill, both skilled craft workers like electricians and carpenters, as well as engineers and scientists. Community colleges can play a major role in training the former workers.

Because green jobs are focused on improving energy efficiency in the U.S., they are less vulnerable to international competition, and they tend to pay higher wages than average. The ascendancy of the green jobs concept is a shift from the earlier view, in which environmentalism was seen simply as a cost to the economy, rather than a potential savings.

Entrepreneurship

Community colleges can help foster entrepreneurship. They  provide a great deal of training in business-related skills, such as information technology and accounting. They often offer programmes on how to start small businesses and can support such efforts as business incubators. These small businesses can be targeted at industries that will be initially supported through the stimulus package. For instance, small engineering and construction businesses can be created that specialise in retrofitting houses, apartments, or commercial buildings so that they use energy more efficiently (through better insulation and controls, and the like) and installing equipment, such as solar panels or windmills, that can actually generate energy locally. Or, the incubator could help start small businesses that specialise in software and business processes for medical offices and hospitals, to take advantage of the Obama administration's focus on increasing quality and efficiency in the health care sector through improved use of information technology.

Some community colleges have developed innovative programmes for training these workers, such as the Washington State system's Integrated Basic Education

Increasing the Stock of Human Capital

Raising higher education completion rates is a longer term investment in workforce development in which community colleges play an important role. These rates are beginning to plateau and the U.S. is beginning to lose its historical edge in educational attainment. This trend needs to be reversed for the sake of international competitiveness and preserving the American standard of living, which, in terms of purchasing power parity, remains the highest in the world among the large economies. Many economists have estimated that the relatively high educational level of workers in the U.S. has been a factor essential to its past success.

Disadvantaged Workers

Disadvantaged workers are, in aggregate, most severely hurt by an economic downturn; community colleges can play a role in helping these workers upgrade their skills so that they are ready to move up in the labour market. There are many workers labouring at the bottom of the market, for relatively low wages. There has been a small increase in this segment of the labour force. Most of these workers have low levels of skills and education. Some are immigrants, and some are native-born workers who have managed to fall through the cracks of the education and training system. Some community colleges have developed innovative programs for training these workers, such as the Washington State system's Integrated Basic Education Skills Training Programme (I-BEST). This programme couples basic education with vocational training using a team-teaching approach and has a good track record in placing students in areas such as allied health, child care, or in entry-level administrative positions requiring some IT skills.
Helping this population upgrade its skills is a “win-win;” they earn higher wages, the economy benefits from their increased productivity, and they are less likely to rely on government assistance. In addition, firms may adjust their production strategies to make more use of higher-skilled workers as the composition of the labour force changes.

Looking Beyond the Crisis

In the current economic climate, community colleges need to be aware of students' long term career interests. Many displaced workers who go to community colleges seeking retraining will be concerned with their immediate employment needs. They will be grappling with the psychological impact of job loss; some may be angry and still dealing with issues related to losing their jobs; many will be desperate to find work. Employers are skeptical of workers simply seeking a paycheck, particularly in this environment where they can be very choosy in hiring workers. They will be looking for a genuine interest in a career from workers applying for a job.
Community colleges will play an important role in helping displaced workers readjust to their new reality and plan ahead for their future careers while also addressing issues from their recent displacement. Colleges need to be aware of their students' longer-term goals to make sure they select appropriate careers, and to encourage them, when appropriate, to pursue pathways with both short- and long-term opportunities. Overall, it is critical that we not take a quick-fix perspective but understand and draw on the important role community colleges can play in training, re-training, and providing higher education for a large part of our population on an ongoing basis. 

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