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Dharmendra Pradhan unveils Rangavati Centre of Excellence at IIM Sambalpur

iim samblpur

Union Minister for Education, Skill Development, and Entrepreneurship Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated the “Rangavati Centre of Excellence in Cultural and Sustainable Management” during the 9th PAN-IIM World Management Conference being held at IIM Sambalpur.

“The centre will prove to be a hub for preserving the cultural heritage of Odisha, including dances, soulful songs, nature worship, and the rich food culture. The primary focus of the centre will be research on the art, literature, culture, and history of western Odisha, with a special emphasis on textiles,” shared the Minister at the ceremony.

Mr Ratnesh Jha, Executive Director, UN Global Compact; Mr S N Tripathi, DG, IIPA, New Delhi; and Mr Romal Shetty, CEO, Deloitte, celebrated the opening of the “Rangavati Center of Excellence.” Additionally in attendance were Professors BS Sahay, Kulbhushan Balooni, and Pawan Kumar Singh from IIM Jammu, as well as Professors Bhimaraya Metri and Kulbhushan Balooni from IIM Kashipur and IIM Nagpur.

Professor Mahadeo Jaiswal, Director, IIM Sambalpur highlighted the 3Ds disruptions – Digitalization, Decarbonization, and Democratization of business. He said, “The world is changing, and the world is disrupting through three Ds. Disruption due to digitalization, disruption due to decarbonization, and disruption due to democratization of business.”

The 9th PAN IIM World Management Conference is being held at IIM Sambalpur from January 22–24. The focus is on “Entrepreneurial Innovation and Digital Governance for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”. With participation from a range of prestigious management institutes in India and beyond, including IIMs, IITs, NITs, and others, approximately one thousand research papers will be presented during the event.

Hopeful Horizons: Senses Sparks an AI Revolution in Indian Classrooms

AI Revolution

In a groundbreaking stride towards a brighter educational future, India is embracing the dawn of a new era with SenseBoard—an innovative, interactive panel that ingeniously integrates the power of artificial intelligence (AI) with education. This pioneering initiative is set to revolutionise the learning landscape, making education more accessible, personalised, and technologically advanced.

SenseBoard: Where Tradition Meets the Future

SenseBoard, the first-of-its-kind interactive panel, serves as a bridge between the rich educational heritage of India and the cutting-edge possibilities offered by AI. This fusion isn’t just a step forward; it’s a leap toward a more engaging and effective learning experience.

Bringing AI to the Heart of Education

SenseBoard, the AI-powered companion for both students and teachers, transforms classrooms into dynamic hubs of learning. Picture a scenario where handwritten words effortlessly transform into editable text—a testament to the revolutionary capabilities of AI. It’s not just a vision; it’s the reality that SenseBoard is poised to bring to every Indian classroom.

Empowering Teachers and Students Alike

The impact of SenseBoard is felt across the educational spectrum. Teachers find a powerful ally in AI, enhancing their proficiency and opening avenues for personalised coaching. Students, regardless of their geographical location, now have access to a treasure trove of educational resources, instantly prompting questions, receiving answers, and generating images—all with the power of AI!

Personalized Learning, Every Day

SenseBoard makes education a personal journey. With AI-driven personalisation, students can learn according to their unique styles—be it visual, auditory, physical, or social. Imagine a smart interactive panel that recognises speech, executes voice commands, and listens to you—a world of knowledge at your fingertips.

Fostering Hope and Aspiration

In a country where education is the cornerstone of growth, SenseBoard emerges as a beacon of hope. It not only addresses the challenges faced by traditional education but also opens doors to a future where every student, regardless of their background, can aspire to greatness. SenseBoard’s AI not only recognises handwritten formulas but also calculates with them, envisioning every school in India with access to this transformative technology.

As we embark on this journey of educational development in 2023, powered by SenseBoard, the warmth of hope and the glow of aspiration light our path. With technology as our guide, we are shaping a future where every student’s potential is realized, one interactive panel at a time. Welcome to the educational revolution—welcome to SenseBoard, where Senses come alive, powered by AI.

Views expressed by Digital Media team of Senses Electronics.

Nurturing minds for a tech-forward world

vidyaa

There’s no alternative to AI and machine learning in today’s era. It has become the foundation for tomorrow’s future, shared Vidyaa Patiil, Principal, Dr. Shivajirao S Jondhle International School, Asangaon in an exclusive interview with Sheeba Chauhan of Elets News Network. Edited excerpts:

What is your educational philosophy, and how does it influence your leadership style and decision-making as a school principal?

Before being a principal, I’m a teacher. I believe that there should be an availability of education for all. There should not be any bias when it comes to giving out knowledge. That’s why my beliefs align with the NEP 2020, which is described as inclusive and collaborative education for all. For me as a teacher, my students hold the utmost importance. That’s why as a principal, I always guide my teachers to follow this principle of knowledge for all. I undertake responsibilities like counseling and training for my teachers which helps them understand these principles and be the best version of themselves for our students. All of these learnings are quite frankly reflected in their teachings and propaganda in creating a better and safer place for our students to learn.

Could you describe the unique aspects or strengths of Dr. Shivajirao S. Jondhle International School that set it apart from other regional educational institutions?

The answer lies in the quality of education we provide. The school is based in a rural area and I can proudly say that we have been able to achieve this small feat of providing a metropolitan school-level education to those living in a rural area. Our school is well-equipped to raise the bar for quality education. Our teachers are well-trained in various developmental programs and can provide a safe environment for the students to learn at their own pace. We closely take responsibility for a child’s personal development which involves the teacher, the child’s parents, and me as well.

Due to such provisions, we have been able to raise our numbers (of children) to almost 500 since the time of covid. Our school has an infrastructure matched to be comfortable for the kids and not bring out the traditional monotony in our kids. We have also undergone total digitisation so that the children are familiar with technology and the outer world and are ready to accept such challenges with ease. To comprise all of the aforementioned things, we do not compromise our children’s development in any area or aspect of their lives!

Dr. Shivajirao S Jondhle International School has won many awards in its short but inspirational journey. How would you describe your experience of receiving an award at the global platform – Elets World Education Summit in the “Innovative Practices in Academic Excellence” category?

I have been blessed by the gift of curiosity. And I use this gift to keep learning new things. My students get to learn it through my teachers. Having such a huge exposure on a global level was quite exciting as well as humbling for me. Attending such seminars and workshops has given me the confidence to boost our growth significantly. Being creative with what I learn and implementing it in our teachings has resulted in us receiving this award.

How do you envision the role of coding and AI in students’ career development and what opportunities does your school offer in this regard?

There’s no alternative to AI and machine learning in today’s era. It has become the foundation for tomorrow’s future. We have integrated AI and machine learning as an undeniable part of our education system. Both the pros and cons are taught to students to let them have a good understanding of the concept. STEM, AI/robotics are included in the curriculum. Given the conditions of rural areas, parents have slowly started accepting these changes in the children’s curriculum. Within a span of 1 to 2 years, every child as well as parent will be familiar with AI.

Our learning management system is a 360-degree holistic progressive card that maps the student’s all-around attitude towards such learnings and evaluates it accordingly.

You are committed to providing a stable and supportive environment, where students get immense guidance through daily interaction with the faculty. In the age of AI, do you think this faculty-student relationship will fade away?

No. Humanity has always been the creator. Whether it’s the first wheel or today’s AI. As humans, it is necessary to maintain an emotional connection to successfully pass on knowledge. The AI may be able to impart great knowledge but emotions have been and will be a constant need while processing the knowledge. That’s where the faculty-student relationship gets its roots from. We still remember the teacher who pinched our ears and made us learn our numbers, right? Therefore I firmly believe that teachers play a crucial role emotionally in every student’s life. Whether the education is online or offline.

As a leader in education, what are your future aspirations and goals for Dr. Shivajirao S. Jondhle International School, and how do you plan to achieve them?

My biggest goal is to raise our children with the metropolitan level of education.

Our children should be futureready. They should be able to overcome their societal beliefs break barriers and create a breakthrough in their respective careers. We all are working hard towards this goal!

H.E. Aisha Abdulla Miran appointed as the Director General of KHDA

Aisha Abdulla Miran

In a pivotal change at the Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA), H.E. Aisha Abdulla Miran has been appointed as the Director General of KHDA by His Highness Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman of the Executive Council.

H.E. Aisha Abdulla Miran, who holds over two decades of experience in the public sector, will replace Dr Abdulla Al Karam, who has been at the helm of KHDA since its inception in 2006. She started her professional career with The Executive Office, a private office of HH Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum in 2002. In the past, she has worked on multiple projects, including establishing the Dubai Institute for Human Resource Development and the Dubai Government performance management system, and holds a pivotal position in public sector development.

We congratulate her for the new role and under her leadership KHDA can reach new heights and continue to establish Dubai as a center for global education.

Government Directs Educational Institutions to Provide Study Material in Indian Languages

Books

The Government has recently announced and directed all school and higher education institutions to provide study material for all courses in Indian Language in digital format within the next three years. The government has also instructed all regulatory authorities UGC, AICTE, NCERT, NIOS and heads of Institutes of National Importance (INIs) like IITs, NITs, and CUs to do the same.

The Minister of Education said, “UGC, AICTE and the Department of School Education have also been asked to take up the issue with regard to state schools and universities.” He further added, “The above directions have emerged from the recommendations of the National Education Policy (NEP) for promoting multilingualism in education at every level, so that students get the opportunity to study in their own language, and can have better learning outcomes. Studying in one’s own language can provide a student the natural space to think innovatively without any language barrier.”

The MoE claims that NEP 2020 makes a strong case for the idea that Bharat’s multilingualism is a tremendous asset and strength that should be effectively harnessed for the country’s sociocultural, economic, and educational development. “The production of content in regional tongues will strengthen this bilingual asset and enable its enhanced contribution to “Viksit Bharat,” our nation’s goal of becoming a developed one by 2047.

The ministry stated, “The government has already been working in this direction for the past two years, with the Anuvadini AI-based App being used for the translation of Engineering, Medical, Law, UG, PG, and Skill books.”

The ekumbh portal has these books available for purchase. Study materials are accessible in several Indian languages within the school education ecosystem, including more than thirty languages on DIKSHA. It stated that competitive tests such as JEE, NEET, and CUET are offered in thirteen Indian languages.

OpenAI Forays into Education; Partners with Arizona State University

open and ASU

OpenAI has announced its foray into academia with first partnership with higher education institution – Arizona State University. Under this partnership, the University will have full access to ChatGPT Enterprise for tutoring, courses, research, and more.

This partnership has been in talks for the last six months after the official visit of ASU’s Chief Information Officer Lev Gonick visit at OpenAI’s Headquarters.

Michael Crow, President, Arizona State University commented on this collaboration and said, “ASU recognizes that augmented and artificial intelligence systems are here to stay, and we are optimistic about their ability to become incredible tools that help students to learn.”

The business tier of ChatGPT, known as ChatGPT Enterprise, made its debut in August and offers features like usage caps-free access to GPT-4, performance that is up to twice as fast as earlier versions, and API credits.

OpenAI Chief Operating Officer Brad Lightcap stated in a release that the company is “keen to learn from ASU” and to increase the number of higher education institutions using ChatGPT.

Any prompts that the ASU community enters into ChatGPT “remain secure,” according to a joint statement from OpenAI and ASU, and OpenAI “does not use this data for its training models.”

Through the OpenAI collaboration, ASU hopes to create a personalized AI tutor for students that covers both course-specific material and study topics. STEM subjects are prioritized and are “the make-or-break subjects for a lot of higher education,” according to Gonick. The tool will also be used by the university in Freshman Composition, the largest course at ASU, to help students with their writing.

Unacademy Appoints Pratik Dalal as CFO

Unacademy Appoints Pratik Dalal as CFO

Unacademy has announced Pratik Dalal as its Chief Finance Officer (CFO) for offline centres. Gaurav Munjal, CEO and Co-Founder officially made this announcement.

Munjal further expressed his full confidence in Dalal’s diverse expertise and experience across Fintech, Corporate Banking, and Consumer Internet. He mentioned that Dalal’s experience in financial landscape will deliver financial success for Unacademy.

Unacademy, which was founded in 2015 by Gaurav Munjal, Roman Saini, and Hemesh Singh, has over 99 million learners and 91K registered educators. With investors including Temasek, Elevation Capital, Tiger Global, and SoftBank, the startup has raised over $800 million.

Pratik Dalal was the head of finance at Kunal Shah’s fintech unicorn CRED before joining Unacademy. His prior employment history in the industry is evidenced by his roles at Flipkart and Ola Cabs.

The development comes nearly three months after Subramanian Ramachandran, Unacademy’s former CFO, resigned. In the past two years, Unacademy has seen a number of significant departures, including high-ranking executives like Ashish Arora, Vivek Sinha, Arnab Dutta, Siddharth Manchanda, Tina Balachandran, Sachin Aggarwal, and Karan Shroff.

Galaxy Kid offers personalised language learning experiences with AI

jerry

Galaxy Kid aims to bridge this gap by offering personalized language learning experiences through AI technology. The primary focus of the application lies in enhancing speaking and pronunciation skills, shared Jerry Yiu, Founder & CEO, Galaxy Kids with Sheeba Chauhan of Elets News Network. Edited excerpts:

Can you please provide a brief description about your brand Galaxy Kid and its services.

Galaxy Kid is an application designed to assist young children in learning various languages using advanced AI technologies. The motivation behind this initiative arises from the observation of numerous students in Asia who have studied English or Chinese for many years. While they can read and write proficiently, they often struggle with speaking fluently. This challenge is exacerbated by the scarcity of native language teachers in some schools, and even when available, it’s challenging for teachers to provide individualized attention in large classrooms.

In essence, Galaxy Kid aims to bridge this gap by offering personalized language learning experiences through AI technology. The primary focus of the application lies in enhancing speaking and pronunciation skills. It is widely believed that correct pronunciation is crucial for young learners, as it not only boosts their confidence but also encourages them to communicate effectively in the target language.

To achieve this, the application enables students to practice speaking while receiving instant feedback. It records their speech, evaluates their pronunciation against native speakers’ standards, and provides a score. This constructive feedback mechanism not only instills confidence but also encourages more speaking practice. This emphasis on pronunciation is particularly valuable for beginners.

As students progress and expand their vocabulary and sentence structures, Galaxy Kid adapts to support more advanced language skills. The goal shifts towards facilitating real-life conversations and providing feedback, a challenging task without constant access to native speakers or teachers. AI technology steps in to enable freeflowing conversations, and the application identifies and corrects grammatical errors, ensuring a comprehensive language learning experience.

Your app basically uses AI as base technology. What are the other technologies that you use to make scorecards more valuable for the students and teachers to understand?

Indeed, we’ve seamlessly integrated OpenAI’s Chat GPT into our applications. Additionally, we’ve harnessed the power of speech recognition technology, incorporating our proprietary algorithms to fine-tune the learning experience, particularly catering to young students. In today’s world, where large language models can easily veer off-topic, we recognize the importance of maintaining a laser focus on language learning and ensuring user-friendliness.

To achieve this, we’ve taken a hands-on approach by conducting rigorous training sessions. Our team of dedicated teachers actively assists us in refining the language, sentences, and feedback mechanisms within the application. We aim to replicate the kind of responses and interactions that experienced teachers would provide to young students. This personalized touch enhances the language learning experience and keeps learners engaged and on the right track.

Language learning is not restricted to age. Can you tell us the reason behind choosing preschool kids as your target audience?

We initially started in the preschool segment, but we have since expanded our offerings. Our latest product, Quippy, addresses the fact that language learning doesn’t begin solely in preschool. While preschool lays a strong foundation, it’s also a relatively specialized market with limited focus from other companies. Consequently, we’ve invested significantly in animation, creating our own characters, songs, and music to motivate young children.

The idea behind our approach is to provide children aged three to four with an engaging and interactive learning experience. At this age, they may not be able to attend physical classes, so our application allows them to have fun and interact with our characters. As they grow older and progress to primary and secondary schools, they require a more serious and in-depth approach to language learning, including grammar.

Our new product, Quippy, is designed specifically for K-12 students while retaining the same underlying principles. We heavily emphasize personalization because we understand that language learning can be challenging. Key features of Quippy include a chat room where characters engage in conversations with students and correct their grammar during speaking. We also offer pronunciation feedback to ensure accuracy. Additionally, our learning path and interactive quizzes are aligned with educational standards. For example, in English, we align with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for older students.

Quippy serves as a valuable resource for students. It can be used in the classroom by teachers to create in-class activities, and it can also be assigned as homework for students to practice and reinforce what they’ve learned at home.

Quippy is an AI-powered Chinese learning solution for K-12 students that utilizes the HSK curriculum. Please describe the functioning of Quippy, how it is different from Galaxy Kids, and also explain to our audience about the HSK curriculum.

Currently, for Quippy, we have rolled out two language options: English and Chinese. As I mentioned earlier, all our content is carefully aligned with established standards. To illustrate, for Chinese, we align our content with the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) standards. This is particularly important because many students learning Chinese may have aspirations to study in China in the future, and passing HSK tests is often a prerequisite. Therefore, our content is designed to complement the HSK curriculum, ensuring that what they learn can be applied effectively and reinforced through practice exercises.

Regarding our offerings for teachers, we have introduced a dedicated teacher dashboard, which sets Quippy apart from Galaxy Kids. This feature provides teachers with access to an extensive and well-organized library of graded content, categorized based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or HSK levels. Teachers can easily search and locate content that suits their specific teaching needs.

Furthermore, they have the flexibility to add or remove content based on their unique requirements. This versatility allows them to utilize Quippy for various purposes, including in-class activities, assignments to be completed at home, or as part of homework exercises.

The content accessible through the dashboard for both teachers and students, is it created by specific educators, or is it generated by artificial intelligence (AI)?

So, currently, the content available is created by teachers. However, in terms of responses, we incorporate AI to detect the intention behind the questions asked. For instance, when a question is posed, there can be various ways to answer it. Let’s say the question is, “Am I hungry?” One could respond with, “Yes, you are hungry,” or in a different manner. The AI has the capability to discern the underlying intention. If the response aligns with the intended meaning, it’s marked as correct. However, if the response deviates from the intended meaning, the AI recognizes it as incorrect. This functionality empowers teachers to utilize a diverse range of content for assigning homework and assessing students’ comprehension. Students may encounter longer paragraphs to read and answer questions about, and even if their responses vary slightly in wording, as long as the intention is accurate, the teacher will recognize it as correct.

Over 7000 languages are spoken across the world. Galaxy Kids is pioneering in offering speaking-focused language learning solutions for kids. What languages are you targeting from such a huge pool of options available and why?

In essence, we have developed a platform with a range of features designed to simplify the process for teachers. This platform allows them to easily create and assign activities for students to complete either at home or in the classroom. It offers a high degree of flexibility, and it’s worth noting that we can expand its language offerings. Currently, we’re primarily focused on English and Chinese due to customer demand, with schools expressing significant interest. However, our platform’s adaptability means that if there is a demand for additional languages, such as the recent request for German, we have the capability to incorporate them into the platform.

As an AI tutoring app, which aspect of language learning are you prioritizing the most, such as speaking, reading, or writing, and what is the reason for this emphasis?

In our preschool application, our primary emphasis is on developing speaking and listening skills. We recognize that students often learn English or Chinese in school but may lack opportunities for interactive conversation. Therefore, our focus is on creating an environment that motivates them to speak and listen effectively.

However, as students progress into primary school, secondary school, and the broader K-12 educational environment, we are expanding our offerings to include reading comprehension and literacy. This includes topics like learning Chinese characters. In this phase of education, the emphasis shifts towards reading, and we also consider the possibility of adding writing components in the future, although it’s not currently part of our offering.

86% of 14-18-year-olds enrolled in schools: ASER 2023

ASER 2023

The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) survey report has been released today. As per the report, overall 86.8 per cent of 14-18-year-olds are enrolled in educational institutions.

The report also noted that while there are gender gaps in enrollment, they are not as prominent by age. For youth aged 14 and 18, the percentage of not enrolled youth is 3.9% and 32.6%, respectively. The report from the previous year indicated that the percentage of children enrolled in the 6–14 age group had increased from 96.6% in 2010 to 96.7% in 2014, 97.2% in 2018, and 98.4% in 2022.

The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) is a national household survey that offers an overview of the state of children’s education in rural India. The “basic” ASER survey was first administered in 2005. It was carried out yearly until 2014, after that it was moved to an alternate-year cycle in 2016. The “basic” ASER gathers data on preschool and school enrollment for kids between the ages of three and sixteen. It also conducts one-on-one assessments with kids between the ages of five and sixteen to determine their basic math and reading skills.

Interestingly, in Class 11 or higher, more than half of the students are enrolled in the Arts/Humanities stream (55.7 per cent), followed by STEM (31.7 per cent) and Commerce (9.4 per cent). Females are less likely to be enrolled in the STEM stream (28.1 per cent) than males (36.3 per cent).

AI – A key driver in shaping the future of assessments

michele

ETS firmly believe that AI is a tool that supports humans. Our ongoing research and development are focused on the ethical use of AI in education. We see AI as a key driver in shaping the future of assessments, making them more personalized, responsive, and capable of providing deeper insights shared Michelle Froah, Global Chief Marketing Officer, ETS (TOEFL & GRE) in an exclusive interview with Garima Pant of Elets News Network. Edited excerpts:

There have been changes to GRE and TOEFL, what was the reasons for making changes to these tests?

Listening and understanding consumer needs are fundamental to our approach. We recognize that exams and assessments can often cause anxiety. To address this, we’ve concentrated on enhancing the examination experience. We’ve introduced shorter exams that maintain the quality and validity backed by our research. Additionally, we’re providing faster results, allowing students to quickly gauge their proficiency. We also announced the launch of insight reports recently. These reports will help TOEFL & GRE test takers to understand their performance and identify areas for improvement and development.

How is AI solving for assessments? Share a few examples of how ETS has applied AI.

At ETS, we firmly believe that AI is a tool that supports humans. Our ongoing research and development are focused on the ethical use of AI in education. We see AI as a key driver in shaping the future of assessments, making them more personalized, responsive, and capable of providing deeper insights. This allows learners to take control of their educational goals.

A recent example of our AI application is the TOEFL Go app, launched in July as part of our TOEFL enhancements. This free app offers learners AI-powered targeted feedback and coaching. It not only scores sections but also provides tips for the speaking and writing parts, along with high-level responses, enabling quick and effective feedback for improvement. AI enhances our overall efficiency and also speeds up the scoring process and delivers concrete insights, allowing learners to recognize their strengths and identify areas for improvement more effectively.

How is technology being used to strengthen test security measures and protest test integrity.

Security is of utmost importance at ETS. We recognize our responsibility to ensure accessibility, validity, and quality of scores for honest test- takers to accurately demonstrate their abilities. Annually, we invest tens of millions of dollars in our security infrastructure. We have also appointed a Chief Security Officer whose team is committed to maintaining the highest standards and consistency in processes and technologies, setting benchmarks in the industry.

For all our tests, including the TOEFL home edition and those conducted in test centers, we employ advanced security technologies capable of identifying suspicious activities. These technologies include facial recognition, keystroke analysis, and tools designed to detect plagiarism. Such measures bolster our efforts to support the human aspect of our processes, ensuring comprehensive, end-to-end security.

ETS offers tests at both test centres and home editions. Are these tests consistent across?

Yes, they certainly are. Both the Home edition and test center versions maintain the same level of validity and reliability. We believe it’s crucial that the test experience remains consistent, regardless of location. Our learners and the institutions that trust us expect this level of consistency.

Upholding this trust is a key part of our mission and something we are committed to maintaining at ETS.

Recently ETS launched TOEFL Go App to enable young test takers to prepare on the move. How has the response been and how is ETS using digital material to prep Indian students.

The offering, though is relatively new but is an exciting and significant addition to our educational resources for learners. The reception in India has been extremely positive, mirroring the global response. Indian learners, in particular, are among the top two user groups utilising this prep service. We conducted a study to gather feedback, and the findings are encouraging. Both Indian learners and those from other markets have expressed that this tool has enhanced their learning experience, particularly in preparing for the TOEFL exam. It has not only aided them in improving their English language skills but also in reducing their nervousness about the test, boosting their confidence significantly.

One Indian student described the experience as ‘fun and interesting,’ noting how they could track and enhance their scores through the feedback provided. Such feedback underscores the importance of integrating enjoyment into learning and demonstrating proficiency, which is central to our goals. Overall, we’re very pleased with the positive outcomes so far.

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